Référence
Quan, J., Bureau, J.-F., Deneault, A.-A., Chong, M., Yap, F., Chong, Y. S., & Rifkin-Graboi, A. (2026). The promotion of independence and interdependence in parent-child interactions during the preschool period: Associations with maternal socialization goals in Canada and Singapore. International Journal of Behavioral Development.
Résumé
This longitudinal study examined the respective contributions of father–child and mother–child attachment to children’s later executive functions (EF) during toddlerhood. The sample included 88 Canadian toddlers (51% boys) and their parents (89% White) visited in their homes at about 13 (T1) and 19 (T2) months of age. At T1, father–child and mother–child interactions were evaluated using the Attachment Q-Set. At T2, toddlers’ hot and cool components of EF were assessed using behavioral tasks. Findings from two sets of analyses converged to suggest that developing secure attachment relationships with both parents may be optimal for the development of cool EF during toddlerhood.
